📄 Category

hiv aids

49 papers

HIV/AIDS research remains a critical frontier in global health, focusing on everything from understanding how the virus interacts with the human immune system to developing new treatments and vaccines. This field is constantly evolving, with scientists working tirelessly to improve patient outcomes and move closer to a functional cure. Because these discoveries happen rapidly, staying updated with the latest findings is essential for both experts and the public.

At Gist.Science, we bridge the gap between complex research and clear understanding by processing every new preprint in this category directly from medRxiv. We transform these dense scientific documents into both plain-language explanations and detailed technical summaries, ensuring that the latest insights into HIV and AIDS are accessible to everyone. Below are the most recent papers we have analyzed, offering a fresh look at the ongoing fight against the virus.

📄 hiv aids

Empiric tuberculosis treatment and 12-month mortality among sputum GeneXpert-negative adults living with HIV in Uganda in the era of widespread Antiretroviral therapy: A prospective cohort study

This prospective cohort study in Uganda reveals that despite widespread antiretroviral therapy, Xpert-negative adults living with HIV face high 12-month mortality, which is significantly elevated among those receiving empiric tuberculosis treatment, suggesting that negative molecular results should prompt extensive evaluation for alternative diagnoses like cryptococcosis and bacteremia rather than immediate empiric TB therapy.

Nakiyingi, L., Kikaire, B., Nakayenga, S., Kamulegeya, L., Nakabugo, E., Asio, J. N., Bagaya, B., Ssengooba, W., Mayanja (…)2026-04-06
📄 hiv aids

Implementation of an online tele-coaching community-based exercise (CBE) intervention among adults living with HIV in Canada: A two-phased intervention study

This two-phased study demonstrates that a 12-month online tele-coaching community-based exercise intervention successfully increased physical activity levels and improved strength, weight, and physical function among adults living with HIV in Canada, with many benefits sustained during a subsequent independent follow-up period.

O'Brien, K. K., McDuff, K., Avery, L., Ibanez-Carrasco, F., Chan Carusone, S., Tang, A., Bayoumi, A. M., Da Silva, G., S (…)2026-04-04
📄 hiv aids

Safety and immunogenicity of an HIV envelope trimer immunogen that elicits CD4 binding site neutralizing antibody precursors (HVTN 300)

The Phase 1 HVTN 300 study demonstrated that an adjuvanted CH505 TF chimeric Env trimer immunogen is safe and effectively elicits CD4 binding site-directed antibodies, including precursors of broadly neutralizing antibodies, in healthy adults.

Walsh, S., Hahn, W. O., Williams, W. B., Hyrien, O., Yu, P.-C., Parks, K. R., Edwards, R. J., Parks, R., Barr, M., Polak (…)2026-04-03
📄 hiv aids

Co-Developing a Women-Centered HIV Prevention Intervention to Reduce Stigma, Increase HIV Self-Testing, and Improve Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Uptake in Ghana (WISE WOMAN): A Study Protocol

This study protocol outlines a pilot implementation of a co-developed, WhatsApp-based intervention designed to reduce stigma and increase HIV self-testing and PrEP uptake among young women in Ghana by leveraging community-based participatory research and human-centered design approaches.

Aidoo-Frimpong, G., Obeng, Y. A., Abubakar, A. T., Mensah, W. K., Anyidoho, D. S.2026-04-02
📄 hiv aids

Hazardous Alcohol Use, Sexual Behavior, and Incident HIV across 11 Eastern and Southern African Countries

A secondary analysis of 16 nationally representative surveys across 11 Eastern and Southern African countries reveals that hazardous alcohol use is significantly associated with high-risk sexual behaviors and increased odds of undiagnosed HIV infection among both men and women, suggesting that integrating HIV prevention strategies for individuals who drink alcohol could substantially reduce new infections in the region.

Reed, D. M., Johnson, L. F., Keyes, K., Knight, J., Imai-Eaton, J. W. W.2026-03-31
📄 hiv aids

Retention to Care and Viral Load Suppression: Insights from Young People Receiving HIV Treatment at Mpilo Centre of Excellence in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.

This mixed-methods study of 110 HIV-positive youths at Mpilo Centre of Excellence in Zimbabwe identifies that younger age, male sex, adherence challenges, insufficient clinical and social support, and low self-efficacy are significant barriers to viral load suppression, highlighting the urgent need for tailored, youth-friendly interventions to improve retention in care.

Dube, P. S., Nyathi, S., Tshuma, N. I., Ngwenya, S., Masiya, M., Moyo, D., Maruba, C., Dube, F., Makwanya, L., Yekeye, R (…)2026-03-30
📄 hiv aids

A Plasma Proteomic Ageing Clock Reflects Advanced Ageing in People with Untreated HIV and its Reduction Under Antiretroviral Therapy

This longitudinal study demonstrates that untreated HIV infection drives accelerated proteomic ageing, which is significantly reversed and decelerated upon the initiation of suppressive antiretroviral therapy, highlighting the critical importance of minimizing the duration of untreated infection.

Ryan, B., Ait Oumelloul, M., Rouached, S., Juillerat, A. D., Giacchetto, L., Thorball, C. W., Schoepf, I. C., Arribas, J (…)2026-03-26
📄 hiv aids

Using Synthesised Narrative Exploration to generate contextually grounded insights for HIV prevention, testing and care programming in Mozambique

This paper demonstrates how the Synthesised Narrative Exploration (SNE) approach, which integrates existing literature with local qualitative validation, efficiently generated contextually grounded insights on barriers and strategies for HIV prevention and care among women and children in Mozambique to inform more effective programming.

Baatsen, P., Madede, T., Okere, N., Tromp, N., Luntamo, M.2026-03-25
📄 hiv aids

Association of baseline advanced HIV disease and dolutegravir versus non-dolutegravir regimen status with viral load suppression among patients on antiretroviral therapy in Tanzania

In a retrospective cohort study of Tanzanian patients on antiretroviral therapy, dolutegravir-based regimens were associated with improved viral load suppression overall, with a particularly significant relative benefit observed among patients presenting with baseline advanced HIV disease.

Dani, H. A., Njau, P., Sangeda, R. Z.2026-03-23
📄 hiv aids

Comparative 48-Week Viral Load Suppression across Antiretroviral Initiation Regimens: Dolutegravir versus Non-Dolutegravir among People Living with HIV in Tanzania

A retrospective analysis of routine HIV programme data in Tanzania involving nearly 7,000 patients demonstrates that antiretroviral therapy initiation with dolutegravir-based regimens results in significantly higher 48-week viral load suppression rates (91.7%) compared to non-dolutegravir regimens (86.7%).

Kayange, G. F., Sangeda, R. Z., Njau, P.2026-03-23