📄 Category

hiv aids

53 papers

Should WHO-prequalified antigen-antibody fourth-generation rapid diagnostic tests be used to detect acute HIV infection? A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic performance

This systematic review and meta-analysis concludes that WHO-prequalified fourth-generation antigen-antibody rapid diagnostic tests are effective for general population HIV screening, offering improved detection of acute infection through p24 antigen, though their application in at-risk populations requires further data and adherence to standard algorithm safeguards.

Neveux, M. R., Hylin, R., Ruiz Gonzalez, V. + 6 more2026-03-19📄 hiv aids

Time to First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy Failure and Its Predictors among People Living with HIV in Tanzania

This retrospective cohort study of over 36,000 Tanzanian patients reveals that while dolutegravir-based first-line antiretroviral therapy initially offers strong protection against treatment failure compared to non-dolutegravir regimens, this protective effect diminishes over time, underscoring the critical need for sustained virological monitoring and highlighting age and gender as significant predictors of failure.

Sangeda, R. Z., Bahati, H. G., Salvatory, N. M. + 3 more2026-03-17📄 hiv aids

Comparative evaluation of HIV testing interventions for men who have sex with men in the Netherlands: insights for a low-incidence setting

This study uses an agent-based model to demonstrate that combining HIV testing for immigrating men who have sex with men (MSM) upon entry with increased testing frequency (every 7 months) among resident MSM in the Netherlands offers the most effective strategy for reducing new HIV infections in this low-incidence setting.

Teslya, A., Roberts, J. A., Heijne, J. C. M. + 6 more2026-03-17📄 hiv aids

Uptake and predictors of viral load testing and viral suppression among people receiving antiretroviral therapy in mainland Tanzania

This retrospective analysis of 70,000 HIV patients in mainland Tanzania (2017–2021) reveals that while viral suppression rates among tested individuals are high, significant gaps in testing uptake and treatment outcomes persist among young adults, males, adolescents, and populations in districts with high mobility, highlighting the need for targeted strategies to address geographic and demographic disparities.

Mutagonda, R. F., Lugoba, M. D., Mwakyomo, J. + 7 more2026-03-12📄 hiv aids

Continued High Mortality Following Diagnosis of HIV-Associated Kaposi Sarcoma in East Africa in the Treat All Antiretroviral Therapy Era; 2021-2024

Despite the implementation of "Treat All" policies and new cancer guidelines in East Africa between 2021 and 2024, HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma continues to be diagnosed at advanced stages with persistently high mortality rates, indicating an urgent need for improved prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies.

Byakwaga, H., Semeere, A., Wenger, M. + 24 more2026-03-11📄 hiv aids

The age and sex dynamics of heterosexual HIV transmission in Zambia: an HPTN 071 (PopART) phylogenetic and modelling study

This study combines phylogenetic analysis and mathematical modeling in Zambia to reveal that HIV transmission is driven by older men infecting younger women, indicating that targeting testing and treatment interventions at individuals under 35, particularly young men, is crucial for substantially reducing HIV incidence.

Hall, M. D., Probert, W., Abeler-Dorner, L. + 22 more2026-03-10📄 hiv aids

Biologically informed genetic data transformations improve multi-omic comorbidity prediction in people with HIV

This study demonstrates that in people with HIV, biologically informed genetic data transformations—specifically polygenic risk scores and AlphaGenome-derived gene-level impact scores—significantly improve multi-omic prediction accuracy for coronary artery disease and chronic kidney disease compared to using raw SNP genotypes or principal components.

Ryan, B., Thorball, C. W., Ait Oumelloul, M. + 3 more2026-03-10📄 hiv aids

A Rule-Based Machine Learning Model for Predicting Virological Failure Among Children Living With HIV in Malawi

This study presents a machine learning framework combining Random Forest feature selection, association rule mining, and k-prototype clustering to identify key drivers and distinct risk profiles of virological failure among children living with HIV in Malawi, offering a solution to overcome delays in the country's resource-constrained treatment monitoring system.

Chiphe, C.2026-03-10📄 hiv aids

Opposite Directions: A Decade of Contrasting HIV and HCV Dynamics Among Injecting Drug Users in Mozambique

This study reveals a decade-long divergence in Mozambique among people who inject drugs, characterized by a significant decline in HIV prevalence alongside a sharp, geographically and demographically varied increase in hepatitis C virus prevalence, underscoring the urgent need for differentiated harm-reduction strategies and expanded HCV services.

Banze, A. R., Muleia, R., Muioche, L. + 12 more2026-03-10📄 hiv aids

Do standard model assumptions realistically represent HIV dynamics in sex workers? A modelling analysis of South African data

This study demonstrates that incorporating time-varying assumptions regarding female sex workers' demographics and transmission risks into HIV models yields significantly more accurate estimates of infection dynamics and program impact in South Africa compared to traditional models relying on static assumptions.

Anderegg, N., Egger, M., Buthlezi, K. + 3 more2026-03-10📄 hiv aids

Time to registry discontinuity in Tanzania's national HIV care registry: a survival analysis of population mobility patterns

This study of over 2 million HIV patients in Tanzania reveals that early registry discontinuity is common and geographically linked to population mobility, suggesting that many apparent losses to follow-up actually reflect administrative gaps in tracking mobile patients across facilities rather than true disengagement from care.

Mwakyomo, J., Sangeda, R. Z., Mushi, H. + 1 more2026-03-09📄 hiv aids

The direct implementation costs of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Lesotho and Zimbabwe: a costing study of PrEP choice involving oral pills, the dapivirine ring, and long-acting injectable cabotegravir to inform policy setting

This study provides the first comparative analysis of direct implementation costs for oral pills, the dapivirine ring, and long-acting injectable cabotegravir PrEP in Lesotho and Zimbabwe, revealing that while injectable CAB PrEP is the most expensive option, these findings offer critical client-level data to guide HIV prevention budgeting and policy decisions amidst decreasing international funding.

Corlis, J., Bollinger, L., Mangenah, C. + 10 more2026-03-06📄 hiv aids

Outcomes of the three-month weekly isoniazid with rifapentine (3HP) versus the six-month isoniazid preventive therapy (6H) among people newly enrolled in HIV care in western Kenya

In western Kenya, the three-month weekly isoniazid with rifapentine (3HP) regimen significantly improved TB preventive therapy initiation among people with HIV compared to the six-month isoniazid (6H) regimen, though completion rates remained similar for both, highlighting the need for targeted support for patients with advanced HIV disease.

Onyango, D. O., Mecha, J. O., Njagi, L. N. + 5 more2026-03-05📄 hiv aids

Geographic variation in loss to follow-up from HIV care in Tanzania and its association with pharmacy refill adherence in routine programme data

This study of 52,828 people living with HIV across Tanzania's 26 mainland regions reveals significant geographic variation in loss to follow-up and identifies poor pharmacy refill adherence as the strongest independent predictor of disengagement from care, highlighting the value of integrating spatial and refill-based monitoring for targeted retention strategies.

Lugoba, M. D., Sangeda, R. Z., De Vrieze, L. + 5 more2026-03-05📄 hiv aids

Y-FIT Ghana: A Study Protocol for a Youth-Led Participatory Approach to Promote Youth-Friendly HIV Self-Testing, Oral and Long-Acting Injectable Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Uptake in Ghana

The Y-FIT Ghana study protocol outlines a mixed-methods, youth-led participatory approach utilizing Human-Centered Design and Youth Participatory Action Research to co-create and evaluate innovative strategies for improving HIV self-testing and PrEP uptake among adolescents and young adults in Ghana.

Aidoo-Frimpong, G., Abubakar, A. T. T., OBENG, Y. A. + 11 more2026-03-02📄 hiv aids

HIV viral non-suppression and drug resistance among persons who inject drugs on dolutegravir antiretroviral therapy in Kenya

In a two-year Kenyan study of people who inject drugs on dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy, approximately one-third experienced viral non-suppression, with living in improvised shelters identified as a significant risk factor, while dolutegravir resistance mutations remained rare despite frequent NNRTI resistance.

Mbogo, L. W., Boyce, C. L., Sambai, B. + 15 more2026-03-02📄 hiv aids

Uptake of early infant diagnosis and factors associated with its timely completion among HIV exposed infants at Lira Regional Referral Hospital: a retrospective cohort study

This retrospective cohort study at Lira Regional Referral Hospital found that while early infant diagnosis uptake among HIV-exposed infants was sub-optimal compared to national targets, timely administration of cotrimoxazole was significantly associated with the timely completion of the diagnosis process.

Awili, R., Kalyango, J., Puleh, S. S. + 6 more2026-03-02📄 hiv aids

Predictors of loss to follow-up among patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Njombe Region, Tanzania, 2017-2021

This retrospective cohort study of 37,642 patients in Njombe, Tanzania, reveals that 35.6% were lost to follow-up between 2017 and 2021, with significant predictors including poor pharmacy refill adherence, being single or divorced, and residing in the Wangingombe district, while the 2021 cohort showed improved retention.

Mushi, H., Lugoba, M. D., Sangeda, R. Z. + 8 more2026-03-02📄 hiv aids